The Government although it was a monarch was also broken up so that different people were in charge of different things making it easier for the emperor.

The Emperor was in charge of the Diplomatic and foreign issues that showed up. Also he hired and fires the officers and ministers.

The officers and ministers were in charge of 4 departments in the government:

The Diwan, or financial and taxation department,
The Mir Bakshi, or the military and intelligence department,
The Mir Saman, or the royal household, the factories, roads, stores, and the trade departments,
The Qazi (Sadr), or the legal and religious matters.

Also the officers were put in charge of their own Provinces or Subahs.

In the provinces, the people were subject to the Islamic laws for:

Religious matters,
Financial matters,
General matters

If one was convicted by a judge that they didn't follow the laws, they could be fined, imprisoned, whipped, blinded or executed.

And in exchange the officers must provide troops for the emperor's army.

Depending on how many troops you contributed, you were ranked and paid so that you could support the troops, (this was a way of the emperor to not have to pay for the men and their supplies of guns and elephants).
(The officers were moved around a lot so that they could not gain support from the people and rebel against the emperor.)

The Mughal Empire was known for its advanced war equipment, for even with a considerably small army the Mughal rulers were able to conquer many cities. Their trick was having the more advanced Cavalry, Infantry, and Artillery. For they had guns which were just being introduced to the eastern societies. So because of these advancements they were able to gain lots of land and money from the places they could conquer.

Links Used:

Ganeri, Anita. India Under the Mughal Empire. Austin, Texas: Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 1999.

Spielvogel, Jackson. World History The Human Odyssey. Albany, New York: West Publishing Company, 1998.