The Chemistry of Lipstick, con't
A third major chemical used in lipstick is polyethylene glycol, which has a formula of H(OCH2CH2)nOH. The n subscript means that any number of that unit can occur in the molecule; there is no specific ratio for that unit. Polyethylene glycol is made by taking ethylene oxide (with its formula of (CH2)2O) and condensing it with water (H2O). Therefore, we find that n(CH2)2O +H2O >> H(OCH2CH2)nOH. The H and OH from the polyethylene glycol can be traced back to the water, and the remainder of the polyethylene glycol comes from the ethylene oxide. It is important to note that the ethylene oxide has a coefficient of "n" -- however many OCH2CH2 units there are in the polyethylene glycol, there must be that many ethylene oxide units.
The Chemistry of Mascara
Mascara is made mostly out of thick dark pigments, which add color and thickness to the eyelashes. It also contains moisturizing agents such as lanolin, and waxy substances such as carnauba wax and paraffin.
Iron oxides are one major chemical involved in mascara; they can take different formulas depending on the charge of the iron atoms. Iron II oxide has the formula FeO and Iron III oxide has the formula Fe2O3. Iron oxide is made simply by air acting on iron by itself (Fe); the oxygen (O) in the air attaches to the iron atoms in the oxidation process.
Another major chemical in mascara is chromium oxide, which has a formula of Cr2O3. Chromium oxide is made by heating chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3). Chromium hydroxide is made from combining ammonium hydroxide in solution (NH4OH aq) and a chromium salt.
(Fig. 6: Iron Oxide, a chemical in mascara)
A third major chemical involved in mascara is triethanolamine stearate, which is also known as trihydroxyethylamine stearate. This has a very complicated formula: CHOCH2(H2)3N•HOOCC17H35. Although this has to be man-made, it can be made from ingredients that are readily available, the same ingredients needed for butyl stearate: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, all readily available in natural sources.
Conclusion
We hope that making cosmetics available to the settlers on Arda will provide them with heightened self-esteem, leading to increased happiness. Hopefully, this increased happiness will eventually lead to increased productivity as well, making this a situation with wholly positive benefits.